A dendrimer can be prepared using multiple types of chemistry, the nature of which defines the dendrimer solubility and biological activity. Fulvic acid was found to decrease adsorption.Dendrimers are highly branched synthetic polymers (<15 nm) with layered architectures constituted of a central core, an internal region and numerous terminal groups that determine dendrimer characteristics. It was found that activated carbon was a more efficient adsorbent than biochar for organic and inorganic compounds. These chemical differences underlie the differences in pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, the liposome surface can be modified with ligands and/or polymers to increase drug delivery specificityInorganic nitrate and nitrite have simple ionic structures and are produced endogenously and are present in the diet, whereas their organic counterparts are far more complex, and, with the exception of ethyl nitrite, are all medicinally synthesised products.

Owing to their metallic or semiconductor nature, nanotubes are often used as biosensors. They exhibit excellent strength and electrical properties and are efficient heat conductors. Thesestructures can be obtained either as single- (one graphite sheet) or multi-walled nanotubes (several concentric graphite sheets). Moreover,dendrimers are excellent drug and imaging diagnosis-agent carriers through chemical modification of their multiple terminal groupsCarbon nanotubes Carbon nanotubes belong to the family of fullerenes and are formed of coaxial graphite sheets (<100 nm) rolled up into cylinders.

The central core of quantum dots consists of combinations of elements from groups II–VI of the periodic system (CdSe, CdTe, CdS, PbSe, ZnS and ZnSe) or III–V (GaAs, GaN, InP and InAs), which are ‘overcoated’ with a layer of ZnS. Inorganic nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, polystyrene, magnetic, ceramic and metallic nanoparticles, have a central core composed of inorganic materials that define their fluorescent, magnetic, electronic and optical properties.Quantum dots Quantum dots are colloidal fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (2–10 nm). Therefore, they are also used as drug carriers and tissue-repair scaffolds.

All these characteristics make quantum dots excellent contrast agents for imaging and labels for bioassays. They are resistant to photobleaching and show exceptional resistance to photo and chemical degradation. They show size- and composition-tuneable emission spectra and high quantum yield.

Inorganic Vs Organic Compounds